In the Shadow of the Tower: Spatial proximity to mosques, visible diversity, and support for the radical right

Growth in racial, ethnic, and religious minority populations western societies has coincided with the growing success of nativist radical right political parties. A leading target for politicians been Islamic symbols, particularly mosques. But does presence mosques within citizens’ milieux influence their behaviour? To explore this question, we draw on longitudinal survey data from Netherlands augmented by a web-scraped list Dutch to investigate local context – both architectural form spatial proximity demographic visible diversity support Party Freedom (PVV), right, party. Our analyses reveal that while mosque increases minaret exerts stronger effect. Also, closer greater amplify differences party between left right. These findings allow us better understand impact symbolic cultural threat voting